French foreign policy has followed two, apparently contradictory, strands since the World War II ╨ maintenance of a strongly independent line and furtherance of French interests within a united Europe. France's effective leadership of the EU meant that, until recently, it could combine the two. However, the reunification of Germany and its subsequent increased influence in the EU have led many to question the wisdom of the "what is good for Europe is good for France" policy. This shift in attitudes was seen in the Maastricht referendum, when only 51% voted for the treaty.
The keystone of foreign policy remains the containment of German power in Europe through political and monetary union, while resisting moves towards a supranational European state. France supports broadening the EU to include Scandinavia, but opposes the entry of East European states that would naturally fall within Germany's sphere of influence.
France also seeks to combat US influence in both foreign affairs and culture. It left NATO's military command in 1966, maintains an independent nuclear deterrent and provides a balance to US influence in the Middle East and Africa.
